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:''For the hockey player, see Charles Landry (ice hockey).'' Charles Landry is best known for having written the book ''The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators''. The creative city has now become a global movement to rethink the planning, development and management of cities. Previously he founded the think tank Comedia in 1978, which pioneered the connection between culture, creativity and city transformation. Charles Landry was born in 1948 and brought up and educated in Britain, Germany and Italy. Prof. Charles Landry is a Master of International Urban Creativity with The Beijing DeTao Masters Academy (DTMA), a high-level, multi-disciplined, application-oriented higher education institution in Shanghai, China. == Outlook and concepts == Charles Landry coined the term ''the creative city'' in the late 1980s in response to the dramatic economic and social changes happening at that time. He argues that in such changing circumstances creativity at every level is required to address and adapt appropriately. He posits that conditions need to be created for people to think, plan and act with imagination in harnessing opportunities or addressing seemingly intractable urban problems. This means a city needs to embed a ''culture of creativity'' in the way it operates and to infuse how all of its organizations operate. Initially there was a focus on the contribution of the arts and the creative industries in driving innovation in cities and helping to make them distinctive. Increasingly he has emphasized how the organizational culture needs to change to unleash the potential, resources and assets of a city. Traditional hierarchical structures restrict ideas generation and rethinking. He contrasts the urban engineering approach to cities with creative city making. In the former there is a focus on the physical infrastructure or the hardware of the city, in the latter equal attention is paid to both hardware and software issues. ''Software'' is the human dynamics of a place, its connections and relationships as well as atmosphere. In his follow up book, ''The Art of City Making'',〔(''The Art of City Making'' ) at Amazon.com.〕 he discusses "the sensory landscape of cities" and how creativity needs to change its focus and be linked to an ethical foundation. This he calls being creative "for the world" so cities give something back to the wider community. He argues that the popularity of the term ''creativity'' is in danger of hollowing out the concept and making it meaningless. A main focus of creativity should be on addressing global issues and behavioural issues such as climate change or the balance between rich and poor. In addition a role of creativity is to help make cities more distinctive given the danger of homogeneity and global branding. His recent work with his colleague Phil Wood has focused on the idea of ''The Intercultural City''. This looks at how diversity in cities can become an advantage and whether diversity can lead to innovation and wealth creation. Interculturalism goes beyond equal opportunities and respect for existing cultural differences, to the pluralist transformation of public space, institutions and civic culture. The publication of the John Howkins' book ''The Creative Economy'' and Richard Florida's ''The Rise of the Creative Class'' gave the creativity cities movement added popularity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Landry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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